Standards & Policies
September 2008
DRIVING TO THE CALL ADDRESS
STANDARD
The First Responder Service will at all times try to ensure the safety of the First Responders. To that end, appropriate equipment and training will be provided. Policies will be written and amended from time to time to take account of changing standards and conditions. Each First Responder is the primary person responsible for their own safety.
POLICY
- All First Responders must be fit to fulfil their role, if activated. This may include removing oneself from on-call rosters if feeling unwell. It also means each responder must absolutely refrain from alcohol for 12 hours prior to and during their period of on-call.
- When responding to any incident, day or night, the Hi-visibility jacket and identification card must be worn.
- Appropriate body substance isolation equipment must be worn before initiating any contact with casualties, where blood or any other body fluids may be involved.
- All contaminated equipment that has been in contact with any casualty must be disposed of in a yellow hazardous material bag and given to the ambulance crew for disposal. Items include for example: (a) Pocket mask (b) Oxygen masks (c) Suction collection containers/bottle & catheters (d) Gloves (e) Dressings (f) Face masks
CHEST PAIN
STANDARD
Casualties experiencing chest pain of possible cardiac origin will receive appropriate treatment as per standing order. This will ensure that the casualty has been offered the optimum level of care.
POLICY
- Place the casualty in a comfortable position.
- Assessment of the casualty following the standard primary and secondary assessment.
- Administer oxygen as per standing orders.
- Ask the casualty if they have a heart problem and, if they have, ask have they taken their GTN spray, if prescribed (record on.the Cardiac First Response Report). If they have not taken GTN, encourage them to take it (NB: GTN is self administered only) as prescribed by their General Practitioner.
- Reassure the casualty and their relatives mainly by adopting a professional approach.
- Update ambulance control on the casualty's condition (when possible)
- Monitor breathing, pulse, and level of consciousness.
CPR & ADVISORY EXTERNAL DEFIBRILLATION
STANDARD
Casualties suffering a cardiac arrest will receive CCFR care directed towards restoring normal breathing, circulation, and consciousness. Casualties who go into cardiac arrest will have the defibrillator attached as soon as cardiac arrest is established.
POLICY
Assessment of the casualty, following the standard precautions, i.e.
- ensure safety and
- ensure Body Substance Isolation (BSI)
Casualty Primary Assessment
- Assess responsiveness (if no response)
- Open and maintain the airway. Head tilt, chin lift.
- Assess breathing, look, listen and feel, for no more than 10 seconds.
- The defibrillator should only be attached to casualties who are unconscious and are not breathing. If only one CCFR is on scene, following confirmation of cardiac arrest, attach defibrillator pads immediately to casualty. If two Responders are present, one CCFR begins CPR; second Responder will attach defibrillator pads to casualty, and follow voice prompts.
- Maintain CPR as appropriate.
- The casualty's chest should be clear of long necklaces, GTN patches and any other conductive material. The casualty's chest should also be dry.
- If necessary, shave the casualty's chest (exceptional).
- If a shock is advised, ENSURE that everyone present is clear of the casualty before pushing the shock button. Give verbal "Stand Clear" I'm clear, you're clear, we are all clear. Before delivering the shock.
- FOLLOW PRECISELY STANDING ORDERS FOR USE OF THE AED (AHA. 2005 Standard's).
- Document use of the defibrillator (and or each shock administered)
Following any mobilisation of the Community Cardiac First Responder team for a confirmed cardiac arrest - the CCFR Team who attended the scene should meet for appraisal of the event and a defusing session. The Ambulance Service Co-ordinator may attend, if required. The Ambulance Service "Peer Support" team may be available to any Team member who feels they need their assistance.
Advisory External Defibrillator Standing Orders
Hi-visibility jacket and Identity badge / card must be worn by Cardiac Community First Responder at all times whilst operational
In the event of you attending a cardiac arrest as a CCFR you are authorised to do the following;
- On arrival at the side of a casualty that appears to be unconscious,
- turn on the AED
- Check for response
- Shake the shoulders of the casualty (gently)
- Shout their name and ask if they are ok.
- If no response,
- open the airway a. Use the head tilt, chin lift method.
- Check for signs of normal breathing.
- Look, look, listen, feel for not more than 10 seconds
- Give 2 breaths 1 second per breath.
- Use the pocket mask. Attach oxygen as soon as possible but do not delay defibrillation.
- Ventilate the casualty sufficiently to make the chest rise, visibly
- If cardiac arrest is confirmed by absence of breathing.
- Bare the casualty's chest.
- Check for and deal with any of the 6 "P"s
- Attach the pads correctly to the casualty's bare chest.
- MAKE SURE NO ONE IS TOUCHING THE CASUALTY
- Allow the machine to analyse the casualty's rhythm.
- Follow voice and visual prompts from the machine.
- If advised, press the Shock button to delivery the shock, ONLY AFTER ENSURING YOUR SAFETY AND THE SAFETY OF ALL BYSTANDERS
- Continue to follow the machine prompts and perform shocks and CPR as advised by the machine until ambulance service / GP arrival at scene.
- Assist and follow direction of ambulance crew /GP until relieved of responsibility.
- Ensure Ambulance Control is made aware of your stand down.
- Ensure any used stock is replaced in line with local protocol (i.e. O2, Bag Valve Mask (BVM), Suction container/bottle/catheters, O2 face mask, dressings and any other stock that may have been used.)
Oxygen Safety and Administration
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS;
- When Oxygen is not in use:
- Oxygen must be stored at all times in the response bag which should be kept sealed and in a safe place (i.e. out of reach of all persons other than CCFRs involved in the programme)
- Ensure cylinders are turned off and system bled - It is imperative that the flow meter and the main valve are at the "off' position
- No smoking or naked flames allowed when using oxygen
- Oil or grease must not be allowed to come into contact with oxygen equipment
- Replace cylinder when approximately V* full, in line with local protocol
- Do not drop or roll cylinder; rupture of the valve can cause the cylinder to become a missile
EQUIPMENT ASSEMBLY
- Remove the heavy duty plastic seal and wrapper from new cylinder
- Check cylinder for any damage
- Turn the cylinder away from your face and open the valve to release a small amount of gas, this will blow any dust away
- Ensure the flow meter is in the "off' position and turn on the main valve Ensure no gas leaks
- Check contents gauge
- Turn off main valve
WHEN TO USE OXYGEN
The following Casualties should be administered oxygen:
- Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) with the pocket mask, or BVM
- Abnormal breathing for any reason
- Chest pain
HOW TO ADMINISTER OXYGEN;
Pocket mask for non breathing casualties
- Ventilate the casualty as normal but attach the oxygen tubing to the oxygen cylinder on one end and the oxygen port on the pocket mask at the other end. Turn the flow meter to 8 litres per minute.
Partial non re-breather mask for breathing casualties.
- Attach the mask to the end of the oxygen tubing and turn the flow-meter to 15 LPM, place your gloved finger over the flap inside the mask and inflate the Reservoir bag.
- Place the mask over the casualty's face and allow them to breath normally.
- Adjust the flow to ensure the reservoir bag does not fully deflate on an inspiration.
- Ensure only one flutter flap on side of mask is left in place and the other flutter flap (if there are two) is removed before applying the mask to the casualty's face.
Suctioning of the upper airway in cardiac arrest
EQUIPMENT;
- The handheld suction device consists of gun-type body with trigger handle, a collection container/bottle and a suction catheter.
- The device can be stored in parts or fully attached.
- The collection container/bottle and catheter is single use and disposable.
- When contaminated it should be placed in the yellow hazardous waste bag and given to the ambulance crew.
- The rest of the device can be cleaned in soapy water. The new spare container/bottle and catheter should now be attached
INDICATIONS FOR USE.
- In cardiac arrest, casualties may vomit or may have a lot of secretions (fluids) that need to be cleared out of their upper airway (mouth & upper throat). While vomit may usually be visible, secretions often may not, and may only be revealed by noisy bubbling sounds in the mouth when using the pocket mask. If this occurs while managing a cardiac arrest casualty you are authorised, once trained, to use the handheld suction device, to clear the airway. Use of the device should be limited to a maximum of 15 seconds for an adult at any one time, after which you should continue CPR for 2 minute (or until the AED prompts you to clear the casualty). Exceptions are prolonged heavy vomiting, which will need to be suctioned until clear. A finger swipe may be required if suctioning is unsuccessful. This may necessitate clearing the mouth with a gloved finger, while the head or entire body is turned to one side.
TECHNIQUE
- Measure the suction catheter from the corner of the mouth to the lobe of the ear. Note the distance on the catheter and do not insert beyond this mark.
- While keeping the head tilted back place the tip of the catheter into the casualty's airway no deeper than the measured mark. Do not lose sight of the catheter tip.
- Suction while withdrawing the catheter not whilst inserting it.
- Repeat as required.
MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING BETWEEN THE VOLUNTEER AND THE SNEEM CARDIAC FIRST RESPONDER PROGRAMME
This document is intended to be an understanding between the Individual First Responder and the Sneem Cardiac First Responder Programme
- To safely respond to an incident as directed by the Ambulance Service.
- To provide basic life saving support to the casualty, until the arrival of the Emergency Medical Service (EMS).
Following the successful completion of the Heartsaver AED course, and. One may be eligible to take part in a CCFR Programme within one's local area (subject to satisfactory training efforts). One may be expected to be available for an "On-Call" rota and may be assigned to an incident on an "as and when required basis". There is no obligation on the CCFR to accept an assignment which may be offered to them. Each assignment is self contained and once the assignment is over, the CCFR is not obliged to undertake any further assignments
If arrangements have been made for a CCFR to undertake a pre-arranged period of on-call and they then find that they are unable to attend, we require that the CCFR contact the local Co-ordinator at the earliest opportunity so that a possible replacement may be found. There is no entitlement to travel or other expenses incurred by the CCFR, Occupational Sick Pay, Occupational Maternity Leave/Pay or any other form of paid leave. Nothing in this clause, however, will affect any right conferred by statute.
Whilst undertaking any assignment for Sneem Cardiac First Responds Service, the CCFR should comply with the general protocols, standards and conduct applicable to the area in which they are operating.
Copies of the rules and regulations and Code of Practice are contained within the CCFR Handbook. The volunteer CCFR must further comply with such other reasonable instructions as they may be given from time to time. If they fail to comply with applicable protocols, standards and conduct, or any reasonable instruction given to them, the Programme has the right to remove them from the register of Volunteers.
A CCFR must notify their nominated Co-ordinator in writing if they are no longer available for participation and no longer wish to remain registered as a Volunteer. Where a CCFR Volunteer has not undertaken an on-call period for at least six months they may be deleted from the Register unless they have reached a prior agreement with their local Co-ordinator or the Ambulance Service.
The Sneem Cardiac First Responder Programme may remove a CCFR from the Register if they fail to comply with the standards, protocols and appropriate conduct which have been laid down by the Sneem Cardiac First Responder Programme or if they no longer fulfil the requirements needed to be a registered member.
For the avoidance of doubt, it is agreed and understood that registration as a Volunteer does not constitute a contract of employment between the CCFR and the Sneem Cardiac First Responder Programme.
Registering as a Volunteer does not denote any obligation to provide the CCFR with emergency calls nor does it denote any obligation on the part of the CCFR to accept any assignments offered.
The Programme reserves the right to alter these terms from time to time at its discretion.
It is advised that any person considering becoming a member of the CCFR Group would read this document carefully and give it their full consideration. If any clarification is required concerning any aspect of this document please do not hesitate to contact the CCFR Co-ordinator.
After full consideration of this document and you have decided to apply to become a Community Cardiac First Responder it would be appreciated if you would sign and return the forms enclosed, accepting these terms and conditions to your local CCFR Group Co-ordinator.
As the process for the management for the Community Responder initiative has been formalised, there are statutory responsibilities to maintain accurate and relevant records and to ensure that processes are in place to sustain these measures for the future.
In order to comply with the requirements of the Data Protection Act (1988 and 2003), I should be grateful if you would confirm the following items of Personal Information. This is to ensure that the information held is accurate.